§ What is public speaking?
Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, persuade, or certain the listeners.
§ When or where?
Public speaking is done in occasions like a graduation ceremony, a campaign, a wedding ceremony, even a family gathering, or a party.
What kind of occasions to do public speaking except the examples above!
§ So, what are we going to learn this semester?
This semester we are going to learn how to prepare yourselves to do public speaking, how to conquer the problems you find in doing public speaking, and of course to practice doing public speaking.
| © Graduation speech © Receiving awards © Meaningful objects © Inspiring people | © Selling product © Bargaining © News report |
Preparation
Before you speak in front of people, you surely have to do some preparations to make sure you perform well. These are the things you need to do before you do your public speaking.
1. Prepare your speech: Writing down your complete speech is important. First of all, you have to make an outline to organize your ideas. Then you can develop the ideas based on the outline you have made into a good speech. Having the whole text of your speech is important because you have chosen the words that you are going to say in your speech. The advantage in doing it is that you can avoid the excess “hmm,” or “err…”
2. Make a map: Although you have your whole speech text with you, it does not mean that you have to read it in front of the audience. It is because the audience wants you to speak not to read aloud for them. So, you need to make a map or outline containing main ideas of your speech. The purpose is to guide you.
3. Practice: People say practice make perfect. The effective way to practice is by doing your speech in front of your friends or in front of mirror.
Tips for Better Public Speaking
ü Turn your nervousness into excitement. Believe that you can perform well (after a lot of practicing for sure). The most important thing is how nervous you are; NEVER admit it to your audience. They will just start to see it.
ü Don’t point your own mistakes. You are the expert on this topic during the time your speech is made.
ü Look for a creative angle on your topic. Capture your audience’s attention this way.
ü If you stumble, don’t repeat sentences or phrases unless they are pivotal to your speech.
ü Your audience is there to hear your message. Relax and deliver that message, instead of focusing on yourself.
ü Make it conversational, as if you were talking with a group of friends.
ü Don’t just stand up like a stick, clenching the podium at the both sides. Be natural and animated. Use hand gestures, drink water, move around a little. But don’t rock back and forth – that conveys nervousness.
ü Keep speech short and simple.
ü Make eye contact with the audience. Connect with them by getting them nodding their heads t acknowledge what you are saying. Make them pay attention to you.
ü Finish your speech before your audience does. Don’t overstay your welcome on the podium. An audience appreciates a short organized speech over a long rambling effort.
ü Be confident in presentation. A speaker’s poise and confidence communicate as effectively as the words that are spoken.
SPEECH RECIPE
INGREDIENTS
An attention getting opener
Three points to support your thesis or plan
One conclusion
Fill in the blanks in the following order and serve it to your audience with a feeling of confidence and an eye on clarity.
Introduction:
Main body:
Point One:
1.
2.
3.
Point Two:
1.
2.
3.
Point Three:
1.
2.
3.
Conclusion:
Summary
Graduation Speech
Dear Teachers, Staff, Parents, and Fellow Classmates:
It is really happening. What we have dreamed of for four years is finally happening. We are actually graduating from high school. All of us are probably feeling happy and sad at the same time. Happy because we are moving on to a better future, and because we won't have someone running after us with a temporary ID badge, and we all know who that someone is. Sad because we will be leaving some people whom we will remember for the rest of our lives.
Over the past four years, our class, the class of 2006, has overcome many obstacles set by the Hinez School District. We have proven that we are worthy of graduating by passing all of our classes, plus passing the writing assessment, Scholarly paper, and the Culminating Exhibition project and presentation. We are sure that no one looked forward to completing these requirements, but we all need to confess that after completing them, we feel that we have earned our diploma. Of course, we did not spend all of our time studying; we only spent most of it. The rest we spent on having some fun, like joining after school activities and clubs, hanging out with our friends, and driving very carefully.
We hope that you have enjoyed high school the way we did, because if you did not, you have very little time left to do so. We want to wish all of you the best of luck with your future plans, whether it is college, job, or the military. And if we don't see you around, well, see you in 10 years. For you parents, staff, teachers, we want to thank you for all of your help with everything.
Graduation Speech
I have a few words I'd like to address to the graduating class. We've always been a very diverse group of people; we have a broad range of interest, talents and activities. After graduation, we'll all be going in different directions.
High school for us hasn't always been perfect and idyllic. I'm not going to get all sappy on you, but I think it really has been an important time in our lives. There's been a lot of change and growth in all of us over the past four years.
I' m glad we've had this time together, before we head into the adult world. I wish all of you good luck in your futures, whatever they are. I hope you can all take advantage of the opportunities ahead of you and grab life with both hands. Make the world remember the South Whidbey class of 2003.
I'll leave you with one final though from H.L. Mencken: “Human existence is always irrational and often painful, but in the last analysis it remains interesting."
OBJECTIVE
Gain confidence to tell a graduation speech in public.
INDICATORS
1. Students are able to prepare a graduation speech by themselves.
2. Students are able to tell a graduation speech in public fluently.
A. Definition
A graduation speech is a speech delivered by an academic institution graduate/an alumnus/a celebrity/a politician at a commencement ceremony in front of the class of graduates and the ceremony attendants.
B. Tips in Writing an Unforgettable Graduation Speech
1. Tell lots of stories.
2. Talk about major events.
3. Talk about meaningful activities your class did together.
4. Talk about values that are important to the students and the audience.
5. Be inclusive.
6. Use popular culture references.
7. Don’t talk about yourself.
8. Don’t speak badly of anyone.
9. Be appropriate.
10. Use inside jokes sparingly.
11. Avoid clichés.
12. Give advice sparingly.
13. Thank the parents.
14. Thank the teachers.
C. Topics of Graduation Speech
Generally, a graduation speech encompasses a set of basic concepts, which are often considered stereotypical. These are the following:
1. The importance of remembering one’s roots.
2. Usefulness of mistakes and losses.
3. World as a source of inspiration and motivation.
4. Education as a universal tool kit to create a perfect future.
5. Finding personal principles to live up.
6. Never letting failures make you give up, etc.
D. How to Deliver a Graduation Speech
1. Brainstorm your great ideas on paper.
2. Pick your best 3-5 ideas after you have brainstorms (depending on how much time you have to spend).
3. Use the BURGER method. Your top bun is your introduction, the condiments and patty are your ideas in paragraph form and the bottom bun is your conclusion. Use a lot of ketchup and mayonnaise, they are jokes, but remember that too much mayonnaise can ruin an otherwise good burger.
4. Start the introduction with something catchy.
5. The middle (condiments ad patty) part of your speech is to be the most interesting.
6. Now you must think on your conclusion.
E. How to Perform Graduation Speech
1. Start with a real great smile on your face.
2. Never say anything corny like “farewell” or “this school will never be forgotten by us.”
3. Always give credit to your teachers. They will be angry if you don’t.
4. Never put anyone on the spot in your speech. Say things like “a friend of mine once said.”
5. Never get too mushy or sentimental. No one likes a goody-goody.
6. Be cool.
NOTES:
¨ Most graduation speeches aren’t very good. You know why? Because they’re too generic. They talk about the future and “spreading your wings” and all kinds of cliché things that can apply to any graduating class. A good graduation speech should be tailored only for your graduating class. The speech should be unusable by other classes because it is filled with details and stories specific to these students’ experiences.
¨ Do not plagiarize a speech from internet. You will get in trouble and be punished!
¨ Do not make your speech too long. Fifteen minutes is too long.
Sources:
OBJECTIVE
Gain confidence to speak in public as if students received an award.
INDICATOR
Students are able to tell a speech about receiving award in front of audience fluently.
a. Look at these pictures bellow and discuss with your friends what are they doing
b. Follow these steps to accept an award with your usual grace and taste
· Thank and praise the giver of the award.
· Acknowledge the help you got from others.
· Explain how much the award means to you, and why.
· Speak directly and to the point so the audience doesn’t become restless.
· Explain the positive values you see in the award.
c. Example of receiving an award speech
(1) Thank you. (2) Receiving this award is such an amazing honor. (3) I never thought I will get the most wanted actor, let alone work in one of Casey’s fine movies. (4) It was an experience to remember. Casey was a wonderful director and all of the other actors were very friendly and professional. (5) But it wasn’t just acting well that made this possible. I wouldn’t be here getting this award without so many people. (6) I’d like to thank God for leading me to this whole movies, my wife and my family for supporting me, my agent Roy for getting me the part, Casey for never giving up, even when there were technical issues and the like, and everyone else in my life. (7) I couldn’t have done it without you guys. (8) I am so pleased to win this The Most Wanted Actor. (9)Thank you again!
Steps:
Ó Write “thank you” (1 sentence).
Ó Write something about how it is an honor to win (1-2 sentences).
Ó Write the thought you have about the award (1-3 sentences).
Ó Write something inspirational, a quote from someone who made the award possible or thoughts on the thing you won the award for (2-3 sentences).
Ó Transition to thanking (1 or 2 sentences).
Ó Thank those who made it possible (teachers, parents, workers, etc). Remember to compliment each person and explain how they make it possible (1 long sentence).
Ó End the thank you with a general statement of how they helped.
Ó Write something nice, including the award name.
Ó Wrap it up with thanks.
Another example:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
It gives me great pride to be here today, judging what must be the finest, most wonderful exponents of dance in this country. It is also an honor that I have been given an opportunity to represent my company (company name) at such a huge occasion!
They say fortune favors the brave and it indeed takes a lot for kids of such tender age and perform here in front of all these people, on prime time television. Many of us can dance, but only in the comfort of our homes, but hopefully the exhibition of talent we saw today might inspire our hidden talents to come forward!
It was a tough competition to judge indeed. The level of performances has been absolutely top notch. But the one performer that stood out because of his/her sheer determination, talent and energy in the performance only will take away the prize. So without further ado, the winner of this competition is (name of the winner)!
Congratulations (name of the winner)! Could you come on stage and say a few words about your experience?
OBJECTIVE
Students are expected to be able to perform short speech in front of pubic about their meaningful objects.
INDICATOR
Students are able to perform their short speech in front of the class.
The objects can be : *Important or Legendary places
*Important events
*Meaningful things or items
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Activity: Make a short speech about your meaningful object (3 minutes)
These are the steps to make the speech:
1. Choose the topic
2. Set the goal of your speech
3. Make the general idea of your speech
4. Make the main points of your speech
5. Develop the main points (you can add facts, examples etc.)
Example:
Makassar, An exotic City
Makassar is located in South Celebes, a beautiful city surrounded by sea. Makassar is one of Indonesia’s exotic cities. Makassar also one of cities in Indonesia that was promoted in visit Indonesia 2008. The purpose of this essay is to inform the reader about Makassar, an exotic city in Indonesia. An exotic city, Makassar has many historical and amazing tourism places and also has delicious traditional food.
The historical and amazing tourism places in Makassar are Fort Rotterdam and Losari beach. First is Fort Rotterdam, it is a historical artifact of the greatness of the past kingdom South Sulawesi built in 16th century by Goa Kingdom. Goa kingdom was the strongest and the most glarious kingdom. In year of 1967 when Goa was under the power of Dutch, all forts were destroyed except Fort Rotterdam. And now, Fort Rotterdam is widely known as a historical tourism destination in international world. Second is Losari beach, it is a beautiful beach. Unlike the other beach, don’t expect white sand beach, but expect friendly crowd, singing and chat, looking at city light across the sea. The most awaited part of this spot is its panoramic scene of romantic sunset at twilight with fresh night breeze blowing softly on your face. That’s why Losari Beach has been Makassar’s most renowned attraction.
The delicious traditional food from Makassar are Coto Makassar, Pisang Epe and Mie Titi. First is Coto Makassar, it is almost like soto Betawi from Jakarta, but it has more exotic taste that can’t be explained. Second is Pisang Epe, it tastes really sweet and with the addition of sugar and cinnamon or brown sugar and a drizzel of honey, they are all scrumptious. Third is Mie Titi, it is dry noodles poured with dense sauce and rich mixed slices of chicken, shrimp, meatball, mushrooms, squid and scrumbled eggs and vegetables. Those are unforgettable and amazing traditional food from Makassar.
Those information above are only some parts of exotic things that you can find in exotic city, Makassar. If we want, we can introduce our tourism place and our traditional heritage to the global world because we have amazing tourism places and also amazing traditional heritage. Therefore, we need to appreciate our heritage and love our heritage for a better future and for our next generation.
-AC-
New vocabularies:
glarious : berjaya
twilight : senja
breeze : angin
drizzle : tetesan/siraman
scrumptious : lezat
heritage : warisan/pusaka
INSPIRATIONAL PEOPLE
OBJECTIVE
Students are able to describe the person whom they admire.INDICATORS
1. Students are able to make their own presentation of the people whom they admire.
2. Students are able to describe the person whom they admire.
Helen Keller
Imagine that you couldn't see these words or hear them spoken. But you could still talk, write, read, and make friends. In fact, you went to college, wrote nearly a dozen books, traveled all over the world, met 12 U.S. presidents, and lived to be 87. Well, there was such a person, and she was born over a hundred years ago!Meet Helen Keller, a woman from the small farm town of Tuscumbia, Alabama who taught the world to respect people who are blind and deaf. Her mission came from her own life; when she was 1 1/2, she was extremely ill, and she lost both her vision and hearing. It was like entering a different world, with completely new rules, and she got very frustrated but she was helped by a tutor named Anne Sullivan by the time she was 7.
When you want to tell about inspirational people, you need to consider these tips:
1. You must know about his/her personal information
2. When you want to tell his/her biography use 5W 1H questions to gather the data
3. Don’t forget to mention what kind of inspiration that he/she gives to you
4. It will be better to provide pictures or movies about him/her, and if he/she is an artist don’t forget to mention his/her creation
Use this guideline paragraphs to tell about inspirational people:
1. Title
2. 
Opening (could be in form of questions, presentations of his/her contributions/creations
Opening (could be in form of questions, presentations of his/her contributions/creations3. Personal information of the person
4. Short biography
5. His/her inspiring deeds
6. Closing
You have already brought the picture of someone whom you admire. Now, close your eyes and remember your life journey. Look back and find how he/she inspired you. Make 3-5 minutes presentation of that person. You may use others properties to support your performance. Be ready for class presentation. J
Sharing about someone whom you admire will be an easy thing to do, right? If you find any difficulties, remember the tips and guideline which are given in the previous page or you may ask the tutor.
JOB AND ACTIVITIES
INDICATORS
Learners are able to:
1. mention some kinds of occupations
2. analyze the activities of some occupations
3. use future tense forms appropriately
4. share their dreams
Activity 1
Mention some occupations below with their appropriate names.
………….. …………….. …………… ………….
Activity 2
Study the usage of future tense from some information below.
Simple Future
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Notes:
"Will" to Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else.
Examples:
· A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
· A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
B: I'll get it.
"Be going to" to Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
· A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
· I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
· Michelle is going to begin medical school next year
Activity 3
Complete all the dialogues and sentences with appropriate future tense forms by using words in the parentheses. Then, practice the complete dialogue and sentences orally.
1. Samuel: Why are you holding a piece of paper?
Jessie : I (write) ____________a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. Tono: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
Tanti: I (get)___________you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. Rudi: I can't hear the television!
DestaB: I (turn) _________it up so you can hear it.
4. After I graduate, I (attend) _______ medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
Jessie : I (write) ____________a letter to my friends back home in Texas.
2. Tono: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!
Tanti: I (get)___________you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.
3. Rudi: I can't hear the television!
DestaB: I (turn) _________it up so you can hear it.
4. After I graduate, I (attend) _______ medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.
MY OPINION
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Learners are able to:
1. use expressions of giving ideas
2. apply expressions of agreement or disagreement
3. produce arguments of expressing arguments or disagreements
Activity 1
Read this reading passage and then answer some questions. Discuss them together.
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Questions:
1. Have you ever faced the problems in the newspaper in your surroundings?
2. What are they?
3. Do you agree about the fact that the school fees are very expensive for many people?
4. In your opinion, what are the impacts of the high school fees?
Activity 2
Study the expressions provided.
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Expressing Ideas
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Examples: A: Do you have any idea about the most interesting movie you have ever seen so far?
B: In my opinion, Harry Potter is the best movie ever seen.
A: What’s your opinion about smoking?
B: I think that smoking should be outlawed.
Activity 3
Complete these dialogues with appropriate reasons based on the expressions of expressing ideas. Work it in pairs. Then, practice the dialogues orally.
1. Frans: What do you think about your old car?
Yus: I think _______________________________________________
2. Father: How do you feel about your first day at school?
Son: I feel that ____________________________________________
3. Teacher: What is your idea about your work at the final test?
Student: In my opinion, _______________________________________
4. Susi: Do you believe that internet is very essential in nowadays’ education?
Stella: I strongly believe that ___________________________________
5. Dion: Do you have any thoughts on Mr. Cahyo’s idea that homework is not useful?
Diaz: I am absolutely not convinced that ___________________________
Activity 4
Study some expressions provided in the box.Activity 5
For number 1-3, make appropriate answers of expressing agreement or disagreement by following the dialogues. Then, for number 4-5, give appropriate reasons for the available expressions.
1. Robert: I think Sony is the right person to be captain of this class. He is a smart and kind person.
Rudy: ______________, probably he is a smart and kind person, but many people dislike him.
2. Arman: I see lots of movies are not suitable to be watched by children?
Andre: ______________, they often provide a lot of violence and dangerous stunts.
3. Mr. Sam: A few days ago, I listened to a radio program about the increase of salary for workers in 2012.
Mrs. Sam: __________________ the prices of basic needs recently have been increasing.
4. Ali: I think nowadays almost all children can go to school and get enough education.
Ahmad: _________________________________________________________
5. Teacher: Parents should guide their children about the content of their reading.
Parents: _________________________________________________________
Activity 6
Divide into 4 groups. Each group consists of 4-5 members. 2 groups express their arguments of agreement, but the others express their arguments of disagreement. Construct your arguments based on the following topics and then discuss together your group’s results with others’ results.
Topics:
1. Teachers can smoke in school area during teaching-learning process. However, students are prohibited.
Argument 1: ___________________________________________________
Argument 2:____________________________________________________
Conclusion:____________________________________________________
2. The increase of school fees is appropriate in recent condition.
Argument 1: ___________________________________________________
Argument 2: ___________________________________________________
Conclusion: ____________________________________________________
"Teach your children to accept their weaknesses along with their strengths."
Sal Severe, Ph.D., How to Behave So Your Children Will, Too!
Sal Severe, Ph.D., How to Behave So Your Children Will, Too!
NEWS REPORT OBJECTIVE
Gain confidence in delivering certain news/ certain information to other people in public.
INDICATORS
1. Students are able to deliver news/ information in public fluently.
2. Students are able to arrange sentences to tell in public based on the written information/ announcement they know.
PRE-LEARNING ACTIVITY
Answer these questions
1. Do you like to watch “SEPUTAR INDONESIA”, “METRO HARI INI”?
2. What kind of news do you like to watch?
3. Do you have a favorite news presenter?
4. Do you want to be a news presenter after you graduate? why?
Let’s take a look into an example of news item text below
INUL AIMS TO DRILL AFTER HAJ
JAKARTA: Dangdut singer Inul Daratista says she will not stop performing her raunchy hip-gyrating dance, “the drill” after recently completing a spiritual pilgrimage to Mecca.
“Uztad (cleric) advise me to run my business as usual after the haj. He only told me to stop if I was too tired. How am I supposed to feed my family if I don’t sing and dance?” said the singer whose dancing was once the source of a major controversy here.
Inul said she wouldn’t be changing her typically-tight stage outfits like many other actress and female singers who start wearing headscarves after coming back rom the haj. “….(the costume) depends on the songs: if I was ordered to sing qasyidah (Arabic songs) I’d have to adjust. “ Inul said quoted by Detikcom. Inul who traveled to Mecca with her husband, Adam Suseno, said they had been impressed by the beauty of the city and were planning to make a return trip within the next four months.
“Next year, four months from now, we’ll take the umroh (minor haj program),she said”After reading the text, please answer these questions
1. What does the news tell us about?
2. What tense does the writer apply in the text?
NEWS ITEM
· To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure:
- Newsworthy Event(s) :recounts the event in summary form
- Background Events :elaborate what happened, to whom, in what
circumstances.
- Sources :comments by participants in, witnesses to and
authorities expert on the event.
STAGES IN DELIVERING NEWS
Here are some expressions that you may use to read and to report news:
1. Greeting
· Good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening, I bring news to you...
· Hi, how are you today? I have news to deliver to you...
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2. Reading the headlines
· Here is the headline for today...
· The headline for today is...
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